components of petroleum

petroleum: Composition and Refining of Petroleum | Infoplease

petroleum: Composition and Refining of Petroleum. The physical properties and exact chemical composition of crude oil varies from one locality to another. The different hydrocarbon components of petroleum are dissolved natural gas, gasoline, benzine, naphtha, kerosene, diesel fuel and light heating oils, heavy heating oils, and finally tars of ...

PETROLEUM SYSTEMS AND ELEMENTS OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY.

PETROLEUM SYSTEMS & ELEMENTS OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY. By Donatien Ishimwe, Junior student in petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria Relevant articles: (1) Origin and Formation of Petroleum (2) History of World Petroleum Industry : Remarkable Eras of Oil and Gas Industry Petroleum system is a core concept of petroleum …

Fractional Distillation of Petroleum - GeeksforGeeks

The process of separating the various components of petroleum from one another is known as the refining of petroleum. This is done by a process called fractional distillation which is based on the fact that the different components of petroleum have distinctly different boiling points. In fractional distillation, crude petroleum is heated to a ...

Petroleum - SlideShare

1. 1.History of petroleum 2.Origins of petroleum 3.Composition of petroleum 4.Petroleum products 5.Atomic Emission 6.Inductive coupled plasma ICP 7.Trace element in Petroleum and Petroleum products 8.Application. 2. 1. History of petroleum Petroleum or crude oil has been known for a long time.

1. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM …

Chemical Composition of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Sources INTRODUCTION Sources of hydrocarbons enter ing the mar ine environment are numerous, and the number of individual hydrocarbon components are quite large. Thus, the analytical chemist faces a challenge in der iving detailed compositional data on a given environmental sample as does the bio ...

Study on the Effect of Petroleum Components on the Elution ...

Currently, research on oily sludge treatment mainly focuses on optimizing the deoiling effect and research on the deoiling mechanism, and the influence of petroleum components on the properties and treatment of oily sludge is rarely considered. Therefore, in this study, petroleum substances in three types of oil sludge were eluted using the biosurfactant …

Petroleum - Chemistry - Hydrocarbons

A large part of the composition of petroleum is made up of hydrocarbons of varying lengths. The smallest hydrocarbon, methane, is composed of a single carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. However, hydrocarbons can literally consist of hundreds or thousands of individual atoms that are linked together in any number of ways, including chains ...

FUEL OILS (HEATING OIL) - Occupational Exposures in ...

(i) Fuel oil No. 1 (kerosene) The development of fuel oil No. 1 (kerosene) as a product can be traced back to Abraham Gesner, a Canadian doctor and geologist, who patented a distillation process for refining petroleum in 1854 (Anon., 1966).Gesner produced an improved illuminating oil which he called kerosene, derived from the Greek word keros, which means wax.

The formation of petroleum - Pennsylvania State University

The bitumen comprises the heaviest components of petroleum, but the kerogen will undergo further change to make hydrocarbons and, yes, more bitumen… Step 2: Catagenesis (or "cracking") turns kerogen into petroleum and natural gas

What is Petroleum? - Petroleum Refining, Definition ...

Petroleum is a liquid which occurs naturally in rock formations. This consists of a complex mixture of different molecular weights of hydrocarbons, plus other organic compounds. Some petroleum-produced chemical compounds are also obtained from other fossil fuels. Petrochemicals are produced mainly at a few manufacturing sites around the world.

5.1 Petroleum Refining - United States Environmental ...

The petroleum refining industry employs a wide variety of processes. A refinery's processing flow scheme is largely determined by the composition of the crude oil feedstock and the chosen slate of petroleum products. The example refinery flow …

petroleum - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

Properties of Petroleum. Petroleum consists basically of compounds of only two elements, carbon and hydrogen. Because these elements combine in a large variety of complex ways, however, crude oils vary greatly in their chemical composition. Their physical properties such as color, specific gravity, and viscosity also vary widely. Chemistry

Petroleum - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Petroleum. Petroleum is a very complex mixture of compounds, extending from C6 to C60, including aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes, iso-alkanes and cylcoalkanes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated derivatives, and polar compounds, usually called resins, basically consisting of heterocyclic compounds such as S, N and O containing aromatics (e.g., …

Different Constituents of Petroleum and its Uses - Teachoo

It is the process of Separating Petroleum into different products like LPG, Petrol, Diesel It is done in a petroleum refinery. Explanation Petroleum (Crude Oil) obtained from rocks inside the earth is actually a mixture of many substances It is refined in Refinery to obtain separately different components like Diesel, Petrol, Kerosene etc

Diesel fuel - Wikipedia

Petroleum diesel, also called petrodiesel or fossil diesel, is the most common type of diesel fuel. It is produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil between 200 and 350 °C (392 and 662 °F) at atmospheric pressure, resulting in a mixture of carbon chains that typically contain between 9 and 25 carbon atoms per molecule.. Synthetic diesel

Chemical Constitution of Crude Oil | FSC 432: Petroleum ...

Essential components of petroleum-CH compounds based on quadrivalency of carbon atoms-linked by a single bond (alkanes)-liked by a double bond (alkenes)-linked by conjugated double bonds in a ring structure (aromatics) Saturated Aliphatic HC (n-alkanes or n-paraffins)-straight chains of C atoms each with 2, 3 H atoms (except CH 4)

Chemical & Physical Properties of Crude Oil

Characteristics of Crude Oil •The hydrocarbons in crude oil can generally be divided into four categories: •Paraffins: These can make up 15 to 60% of crude. •Paraffins are the desired content in crude and what are used to make fuels. •The shorter the paraffins are, the lighter the crude is.

Chapter 8 PETROLEUM - Pennsylvania State University

The elemental composition of petroleum is much less variable than that of coal: 83-87% carbon, 11-16% hydrogen, 0-4% oxygen plus nitrogen, and 0-4% sulfur. Note that most crude oils contain substantially more hydrogen than coals. Only a brief discussion is

Chemical Composition of Petroleum | PDF | Petroleum | Oil ...

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM & FRACTIONAL CATEGORIZATION BY Dr A.K. Mittal Introduction Petroleum is a form of bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbons and existing in the gaseous or liquid state in its natural reservoir. The word petroleum originates from the Latin petra (rock) and oleum (oil). The main forms of petroleum are natural gas, …

Petroleum - Explanation, Refining, Formation, and FAQs

Petroleum or oil has also been the leading source of energy in the entire world since the 1950s! Petroleum is usually found in the form of a liquid that occurs naturally during rock formation. It consists of a complex mixture of several molecules of …

PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND PETROLEUM …

The components of petroleum and petroleum products number in the tens of thousands. They range in molecular weight from methane (16) to very large uncharacterized components with molecular weight in the thousands. The toxicity of the components varies immensely. Overall, the …

Composition and toxicity of petroleum products and their ...

This is a key issue with some petroleum products, mainly due to the additives used in them. 6. For several reasons, such as climatic conditions or logistics of supply, the various components, including additives, used in a branded product may vary because the final product composition is determined not by chemistry but by performance in service. 7.

Chemical Composition of Petroleum - ThoughtCo

Elemental Composition of Petroleum Although there is considerable variation between the ratios of organic molecules, the elemental composition of petroleum is well-defined: Carbon - 83 to 87% Hydrogen - 10 to 14% Nitrogen - 0.1 to 2% Oxygen - 0.05 to 1.5% Sulfur - 0.05 to 6.0% Metals - < 0.1%

Composition, classification, and properties of petroleum ...

Composition. Petroleum contains four classes of compound: alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, and heteroatomic compounds with one or more atoms of nitrogen, sulfur, and/or oxygen. In petroleum chemistry and technology, alkanes are called paraffins; cycloalkanes, naphthenes; and the heteroatomic compounds are lumped together as NSOs.

Petroleum - Wikipedia

Although the composition of petroleum will contain many trace elements the key compounds are carbon (93% – 97%), hydrogen (10% - 14%), nitrogen (0.1% - 2%), oxygen (01.% - 1.5%) and sulphur (0.5% - 6%) with a few trace metals making up a …

Composition of Petroleum-Derived Dissolved Organic Carbon

PSC PARAFAC Components Petroleum Natural Petroleum Natural Petroleum and/or Natural. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 Irradiation Period (h)

Crude Oil – Composition and Properties | Bhaskaran B

In this section the composition, crude properties, types of crude classification and commonly used units of measures pertaining to crude oil properties shall be discussed. Composition of Crude Oil. Average crude contains 84% Carbon, 14% Hydrogen, 1-3% Sulphur, 1% Nitrogen, 1% Oxygen and 0.1 % minerals and salts.

Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHCs) - Chemistry Matters

Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHCs) is the name given to a very broad range of chemicals that comprise oil and products refined from oil, such as gasoline and diesel. This mixture of chemicals can also be described by common chemical characteristics such as …

Volume 2 Composition of Petroleum Mixtures

of petroleum hydrocarbon chemistry, how weathering influences the chemistry of prod-ucts after release to the environment, and petroleum composition research needs. 2.0 PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY Crude oil, the source material of nearly all petroleum products, contains a wide variety of elements combined in various forms.

2. OVERVIEW OF TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS

2.50 petroleum components identified in Appendix D of this profile. Further, each petroleum product has its own mix of constituents. One reason for this is that crude oil, itself, varies in its composition. Some of this variation is reflected in the finished petroleum product. The acronym PHC (petroleum hydrocarbons) is